八
賽繆爾.伍德博士采訪錄
I was extremely close with my morher all my life..She was a brilliant eductor ,writer and wonderful woman. Sadly, shen was developed complications related to diabetes.When she lost her eyesight and most of her ability to walk,it was absolutely horrifying for me She passed away from a fall seven or eightyears ago.At her funeral,I swore that one day I’d do something about conditions like hers.
我一生與母親無比親密，她是一位卓越的教育家、作家，是一位了不起的女士。不幸的是，她患上了糖尿病引起的并發癥。當她喪失視力和大部分行走能力時，我驚恐萬分。七、八年前她摔了一腳，便離開人世。在她的葬禮上，我發誓有朝一日要為她那樣的疾病做點什么。
Years passed and I read about the work the South Koreans had done with stem cells.In 2004 and 2005 Hwang WooSuk fraudulently repoted that he had succeededin creating human embryoniv stem cells by cloning.Back then it wasn’t kown it was a fraud,so it was very excitinh to think that a long list of diseases could be treated.
時間一年年過去了，我讀到了韓國人在干細胞方面所做的工作。在2004和2005年之間，黃禹錫謊稱他已通過克隆技術成功的培養出人類胚胎干細胞
當時人們并不知道那是造假，所以想到一長串疾病有望得到醫治，人們興奮不已。
I found the stem cell research company Stemagen with another gentleman whose father hand died of ALS.We went out for drinks one night and we started talking about our parents.We wanted to do something that would be a legacy.for them.
我與另一位先生共同創建了斯塔摩根干細胞研究公司。那位先生的父親死于肌萎縮性側索硬化。一天晚上我們出去小酌，討論起我們的父母，我們想做點什么，以此作為他們身后留下的遺產。
是福是禍？For Better or Worse?
The moment we diceded to start Stemagen,I read all there was to read about the various cloning efforts in the past.The cloned sheep Dolly in 1997was very interesting,but at that stage people were not focusing on the stemcell aspect of cloning；they were focusing on the reproductive possibilities of cloning.
一決定創建斯塔摩根干細胞研究公司，我就閱讀了有關以往各種克隆實驗的所有資料。1997年的克隆羊多利引起了人們極大的興趣。但在那個時候，人們關注的不是克隆技術的干細胞層面，而是其無性繁殖的可能性問題。
Human reproductive cloning is just simply wrong ethically from a medical standpoint and a scientific standpoint,even ignoring any religious issues associated with it.The reason is that the majority of reproductive clones in other species are actually abnormal,with very high miscarriage rates,very high stillbirth rates,fetal anomalie,death soon after birth,et cetera.
從醫學和科學的角度來看，克隆人在倫理道德上就是錯誤的，即便不去理會其相關的宗教問題，其原因在于其它物種的無性繁殖個體事實上大多數都是畸形的，流產率很高，死亡率也很高，胎兒畸形，出生不久就夭折，如此等等。
It would just be absolutely wrong to take a human being and put them through what may well involve significant suffering for really no good end.Even though people could take the techniques that we’ve developed and attenp to do it(or perhaps even be successful doing it),we hope that they would not.
讓人經受極有可能遭到巨大痛苦的事，卻又得不到什么好結果，那是絕對錯誤的。即使有人能夠利用我們研發的技術，并且試圖付諸實踐（也許可能成功），我們還是希望他們不要那么做。
On the other hand,therapeutic cloning does not involve any type of risk to human life and actually provides tremendous potential for the relief of suffering inreal human beings who are going through some awful things.
從另一方面來說，治療性的克隆技術不牽涉任何人對人生命的威脅，還能真正為正在經受痛苦的人們提供緩解痛苦的極大的可能性。
I’m a pure scientist in some ways,and I know that manyvdifferent studies or findings could be used for evil.Our job as scientist is to make the most of this technology and make it available to the greatest number of other scientists who can help us do good things with it.There’s really no effective way for an individual scientist to stop someone else from using the knowledge for something they should’t.
在某種程度上，我是一個純粹的科學家，可我知道種種研究或發現可能被用來做邪惡的事。作為科學家 我們的工作是充分利用這一技術，并且使之盡可能被多的其他科學家掌握，幫助我們做好事。對于科學家個人而言，其實沒什么行之有效的方法可以阻止他人將知識用到他們不該用的地方。
We need to be honest aboutthe techniques that we used.They need to be able to be replicated by other people,and s9,we are providing a roadmap.I would hope that the legislation that’s in place and the hreat public disapproval that would result from any attempt to clone a human would dissuade anyone from going down that path.
我們必須誠實的說明我們所使用的技術。這些技術必須能夠被他人復制，這樣，我們等于提供了一張線路圖。我希望適當的法規及公眾對于試圖克隆人的極力反對能夠勸阻任何有此企圖的人走那條路。
What is it they say?There is no technology that hasn’t been used for some evil purpose at some will attempt human reproductive cloning.I do think it’s inevitable,and it’s virtually impossible to legislate that away.
他們是怎么說的？他們說沒有一向技術不曾在某個時候為了某種罪惡目的而被利用過。坦白的說，我確實認為有人會試圖克隆人。我確實認為那是不可避免的事，而且也不可能通過立法來加以阻止。
出名Claim to Fame
I am spoken of as the first man to clone himself.There are different types if cloning.At the cellular level,yes,it’s ture I am the first man to clone himself.We thought a great deal about how to deal with the issue of whose cells we should use and whether we should let the world and the scientific community know who the first cellular clone was.In the end we decieded that we wanted to put a human face on cloning.
我被說成是第一個“克隆自己”的人。有不同類型的克隆。從細胞層面來說，沒錯，我的確是第一個克隆自己的人。我們應該使用誰的細胞，是否應該讓世人及科學界知曉誰是第一個細胞克隆體。對于如何處理上訴問題我們想得很多。最終，我們決定要讓克隆體人性化。
I didn’t anticipate it would create the firstorm of controversy that it’s created,but I’m still glad we went down that path. We received thousands of e-mails and phone calls from people who need help.
我沒料到這樣做竟掀起軒然大波。但是對于我們走過的這條路，我仍感到高興。我們從需要幫助的人們那里收到成千上萬的電子郵件和電話。
I think by c9ming forward and putting a face to it we made it very real,and now people around the world know that cloning is here.I believe that very soon it will be used therapeutically,so I think our purpose was served.
我認為通過主動的讓克隆體人性化，我們使克隆技術變得十分真實。現在全世界的人都知道克隆了。我相信不久克隆技術就會被用于治療疾病，所以我認為我們的目的達到了。
純科學Pure Science
What happens is an informed and consenting woman donates an egg and we remove her gentic material from the egg.Then we place a single skin cell inside that egg.
事情是這樣的：一位被告知實情并表示同意的女士捐出一個卵子。我們取出卵子中的基因材料，然后把單個皮膚細胞植入卵子中。
What we’re really interested 8n is creating disease-specific and person-specific stem cell lines.The procedure of taking cells from a person takes no more than a minute or two.You can take some skin cells from the arm,for example,and in one to two minutes,you can get the cells that you need to carry out this process
我們正真正感興趣的是建立特定疾病及特定個體的干細胞系列。從某人身上取出細胞的程序不過一兩分鐘的功夫。比如，你可從手臂提取皮膚細胞，一兩分鐘后，便可得到實施這一過程所需的細胞。
This process enables us to study the causes of specific diseases,such as Alzheimer’s Disease,ALS or Parkinson’s Disease,and then research a variety of treatments for these diseases.If the stem cell lines are created for any given individual and are later transplanted back into the individual,they will not be rejected by the individual.
這一過程有助于我們探究諸如早老性癡呆病、肌萎縮性側索硬化或帕金森氏病等特定疾病的起因，并著手研究治療這些疾病的種種方法。如果干細胞系列是針對某一特定個體而培育的，然后又被移植回那個個體，它們就不會遭排異。
甜蜜的成功Sweet Success
I always thought that when our research was successful I would just be pleased that we had accomplished this when others had not.In reality,it is transcendent-when you look through the micioscope,you see what you may have looked like a long time ago,at least in part.
我一直這么想，當我們的研究成果獲得成功時，我會為我們取得別人還未取得的成就而感到欣喜。事實上，這一研究成果真的是妙不可言……透過顯微鏡，你至少部分的看到自己很久以前是大概什么模樣。
When I looked down and saw that cloned blastocyst,it brought tears to my eyes.I had done this for my mother,and I realized,had she only been able to live a few years longer,maybe we could have used this technology to help her.It was emotional to see tht potential,which she never had a chance to experience.
當我低下頭看克隆出的胚泡時，不由的淚水盈眶。我是為我的母親而做的這一研究，我想，只要母親能多活幾年，我們或許就可以利用這一技術挽救她。看到存在那樣一種可能，一種母親沒有親身機會享受的可能，不禁令人感慨萬千。
There's a big misconception out there that we decided to destroy these embryos for some reason.There was so much skepticism about this process because of the scientific fraud from the past that it was critical that there be no doubt that they were clones.
我們出于某種原因要毀掉這些克隆胚胎，對此外界有很大誤解。由于以前的科學家造假行為，人們對于我們的研究過程抱有諸多懷疑，所以確保它們真是克隆胚胎是至關重要的。
In the process of analysis,the embryos were destroyed by necessary.In other words, to get the genetic material from inside the cells to analyze it,you have to destroy the cell.We would have loved to have been able to avoid destroying them.
在分析過程中，我們必須毀掉那些胚胎。換句話說，從細胞里提取遺傳物質進行分析，你只得毀壞細胞。我們多么希望能避免毀掉它們阿。
Now we're working full-time on creating stem cell lines,and people are watching with great interest.
目前我們正夜以繼日地培育干細胞系列，人們也饒有興趣的關注著這項工作的進展。
The Pope and the President
教皇和總統
There are a variety of opponents to our work.
我們的工作遭到各方人士的反對。
We were condemned by the Vatican and mentioned in a negative light in President Bush's State of the Union address.In a sense it's an honor because it shows that we're doing something significant.It's not every day that you get condemned by the Vatican and President Bush in the same week.
羅馬教廷譴責我們，布什總統的國情滋文對我們也頗有微詞。在某種意義上，這是一種榮耀，因為這表明我們正做著有重大意義的事情。一周之內同時遭到羅馬教廷和布什總統的譴責，這樣的事可不是天天發生的。
There's usually no dialogue between the researchers in the embryonic stem cell field and those who oppose it.
胚胎干細胞領域內的研究人員和持反對的人士之間往往沒有對話。
It doesn't make sense to me that it's such an emotional and contentious topic.Logically,this is not life.I agree it's a potential life,but the vast majority of embryos never become life.The majority generate,don't implant and die.A fetus is a life.That argument makes sense to me,but it doesn't make sense to me look at an embryo in a lab and give it all the rights of a human life.
這個話題如此惹人激動，并引起諾大的爭議，依我看來實在大可不必。從譴責上來講，胚胎并不是生命。我承認胚胎有可能成為生命，但是，大多數胚胎永遠不會成為生命。多數胚胎生成后，并不用于移植，隨即消亡。胎兒具有生命。依我之見，那個觀點才合乎情理。但是，看著實驗室的胚胎，賦予它人命的一切權利，在我看來，則是有失偏頗。

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